International Sanctions – Coercive Policy Tools and the Limits of Enforcement

Sanctions signal international condemnation—but their success depends on enforcement, coordination, and political will.”

Protection of Civilians: International Humanitarian Law and the Limits of Protection in Modern Conflict

The protection of civilians is not a conceptual ideal—it is a legal obligation repeatedly tested, and too often undermined, in modern conflict.”

Conflict and Famine: Starvation as a Weapon of War

Starvation in conflict is not simply a humanitarian crisis—it is often the result of deliberate policy choices designed to control populations and weaken opposition.”

Yemen’s Humanitarian Crisis: Conflict, Civilian Harm, and the Collapse of Essential Systems

In Yemen, civilian suffering is not incidental—it is the cumulative result of prolonged conflict, institutional breakdown, and constraints on humanitarian access.”