Civilian Protection in Gaza: Armed Actors, Urban Warfare, and Legal Constraints

When legal protections exist without consistent enforcement, civilian protection becomes conditional—and civilians bear the cost.”

When Armed Groups Govern: Civilian Protection and Policy Constraints in Lebanon, Gaza, and Yemen

Where armed groups function as governing authorities, civilian protection is shaped not only by conflict dynamics, but by the structure of power itself.”

Lebanon on the Edge: Escalation and Civilian Risk in a Regional Conflict

Escalation across borders does not remain contained—it expands the geography of civilian risk.”

Sudan’s War and the Collapse of Civilian Protection: Escalating Atrocity Risks Amid State Fragmentation

The erosion of centralized authority in Sudan has created conditions in which civilian protection is no longer incidental to the conflict—it is structurally absent.”

Holding Assad Accountable

When accountability is delayed, the risk is not only injustice for victims—but the normalization of atrocity crimes in future conflicts.”

The Fall of El-Fasher: Siege, Warfare, Ethnic Violence, and Atrocity Risk in Darfur

Prolonged siege, ethnic targeting, and systematic violence in El-Fasher signal an urgent need for intervention to prevent large-scale atrocities against civilian populations.”

Ceasefire Breakdown in Gaza: Renewed Israeli Strikes and the Limits of Humanitarian Access

The breakdown of ceasefire commitments in Gaza underscores how fragile agreements, restricted aid, and renewed strikes can rapidly escalate risks for civilians.”

ICC Confirmation Hearing Against Joseph Kony: Accountability for LRA Crimes

Joseph Kony’s legacy is one of unimaginable suffering; bringing him to trial is essential not only for justice, but for the global fight against impunity.”