When Armed Groups Govern: Civilian Protection and Policy Constraints in Lebanon, Gaza, and Yemen

Where armed groups function as governing authorities, civilian protection is shaped not only by conflict dynamics, but by the structure of power itself.”

From Nuclear Diplomacy to Armed Conflict: The Collapse of the Iran Deal and the Legal Path to War

The collapse of the Iran nuclear deal marks the moment when a legal framework for containment gave way to a strategic pathway toward war.”

U.S. Use of Force in Venezuela and International Law

When military force is used without legal justification, the line between law enforcement and war collapses, undermining the international legal order.”

UNGA – Recognize the State of Palestine, and Hold Israel Accountable

Recognition of Palestine is not a symbolic gesture—it is a legal and moral imperative that strengthens accountability and upholds international law.”

The UN Security Council Veto: Power, Paralysis, and the Limits of International Protection

The Security Council veto reflects global power realities—but in moments of crisis, it has too often come at the expense of civilian protection and timely international action.”