When Armed Groups Govern: Civilian Protection and Policy Constraints in Lebanon, Gaza, and Yemen

Where armed groups function as governing authorities, civilian protection is shaped not only by conflict dynamics, but by the structure of power itself.”

Lebanon on the Edge: Escalation and Civilian Risk in a Regional Conflict

Escalation across borders does not remain contained—it expands the geography of civilian risk.”

Sudan’s War and the Collapse of Civilian Protection: Escalating Atrocity Risks Amid State Fragmentation

The erosion of centralized authority in Sudan has created conditions in which civilian protection is no longer incidental to the conflict—it is structurally absent.”

From Nuclear Diplomacy to Armed Conflict: The Collapse of the Iran Deal and the Legal Path to War

The collapse of the Iran nuclear deal marks the moment when a legal framework for containment gave way to a strategic pathway toward war.”

Iran’s Protests: A Nation in Unrest

When governments criminalize protest and deploy force against civilians, unrest can quickly escalate into widespread human rights violations.”

U.S. Use of Force in Venezuela and International Law

When military force is used without legal justification, the line between law enforcement and war collapses, undermining the international legal order.”

Human Rights Day and the Genocide Convention: Two Foundations of the “Never Again” Framework

Human rights protections are not separate from atrocity prevention—they are its first and most essential line of defense.”

Holding Assad Accountable

When accountability is delayed, the risk is not only injustice for victims—but the normalization of atrocity crimes in future conflicts.”

Venezuela’s Human Rights Crisis Under Nicolás Maduro

Systematic repression, economic collapse, and institutional erosion in Venezuela have converged into one of the most severe human rights crises in the Western Hemisphere.”