International Sanctions – Coercive Policy Tools and the Limits of Enforcement

Sanctions signal international condemnation—but their success depends on enforcement, coordination, and political will.”

Genocide and War Crimes – Legal Distinctions, Evidentiary Standards, and Accountability in Conflict

All genocide is an atrocity crime, but not all atrocity crimes meet the legal threshold of genocide.”

Saudi Zero-Tolerance: State Control, Legal Restrictions, and the Suppression of Dissent

In Saudi Arabia, release from detention often marks a transition to restricted freedom rather than a restoration of rights.”

Absconding from Justice: Omar al-Bashir, ICC Warrants, and the Limits of Enforcement

The failure to execute ICC arrest warrants against sitting heads of state exposes structural weaknesses in international accountability mechanisms and risks entrenching impunity.”

Realpolitik and International Refugee Law: The EU–Turkey Deal and the Erosion of Asylum Protections

When migration control policies override legal protections, the right to seek asylum risks becoming conditional rather than guaranteed.”